Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about 331,000 square kilometers (128,000 sq mi) and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's fifteenth-most populous country. One of the two Marxist–Leninist states in Southeast Asia, Vietnam shares land borders with China to the north, and Laos and Cambodia to the west. Vietnam is a Southeast Asian country known for its beaches, rivers, Buddhist pagodas and bustling cities. Hanoi, the capital, pays homage to the nation’s iconic Communist-era leader, Ho Chi Minh, via a huge marble mausoleum. Ho Chi Minh City (formerly Saigon) has French colonial landmarks, plus Vietnamese War history museums and the Cu Chi tunnels, used by Viet Cong soldiers. Stretching along the eastern coast of the Indochinese Peninsula, it features dramatic karst formations in Ha Long Bay, lush valleys, and the agricultural richness of the Mekong Delta. The culture reflects a blend of indigenous traditions and influences from China and France, with a culinary scene celebrated for dishes like pho and banh mi. Vietnam has a complex history marked by colonization and conflict, leading to its resilient national identity. In recent decades, it has shifted to a market-oriented economy, experiencing rapid growth and attracting millions of tourists to its vibrant cities and historical sites.